{"id":52190,"date":"2020-10-23T11:00:13","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T09:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.krik.rs\/?p=52190"},"modified":"2024-04-15T11:59:03","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T09:59:03","slug":"how-an-irrepressible-serbian-arms-dealer-found-a-conduit-to-saudi-arabia-through-qatar-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.krik.rs\/en\/how-an-irrepressible-serbian-arms-dealer-found-a-conduit-to-saudi-arabia-through-qatar-2\/","title":{"rendered":"How an Irrepressible Serbian Arms Dealer Found a Conduit to Saudi Arabia through Qatar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A Cypriot shell firm accused of funnelling bribes on behalf of a notorious Serbian weapons dealer deposited $1.7 million into a secretive trust fund set up for a prominent Saudi, leaked bank records show.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors: Lawrence Marzouk and Stevan Doj\u010dinovi\u0107<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

That fund\u2019s Qatari parent company was subsequently fined by regulators for a string of regulatory offenses, and a criminal investigation has been launched that could lead to charges against its directors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Though the purpose of the substantial payment is unknown, Saudi Arabia has become a major buyer of weapons from Serbia\u2019s state-owned factories since the start of the Syrian civil war. Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107, the arms broker who allegedly controls the shell firm that made the transfer, has been a key benefactor of this upsurge in business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te\u0161i\u0107 had already spent nearly a decade under United Nations sanctions after he was caught selling weapons to former Liberian president and convicted war criminal Charles Taylor. Powerful Serbian politicians helped him get off the U.N. blacklist in 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Less than five years later, in December 2017, the United States also sanctioned Te\u0161i\u0107, saying he had paid \u201clarge bribes\u201d to secure contracts for weapons deals. The U.S. also said that Te\u0161i\u0107 controls a Cyprus shell firm, Grawit Limited, that was used as a conduit to pay politicians. (He denies this.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has never been made public what exactly Te\u0161i\u0107 did to earn the new sanctions. But reporters from OCCRP and its Serbian member center KRIK have now found transaction records showing that several months before the U.S. ruling, in June 2017, Grawit sent $1.7 million to a Qatari trust. It was flagged to U.S. authorities as suspicious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\nFinCEN\n<\/strong>
\n
\nThe FinCEN Files is a 16- month-long investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, BuzzFeed News and more than 400 international journalists in 88 countries, including those from OCCRP and its network of member centers.\n
\n
\nThe investigation is based on more than 2,100 secret bank reports filed to the U.S. Treasury Department\u2019s intelligence unit, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, other documents and dozens of interviews.\n
\n
\nOne of them is a spreadsheet detailing 77 suspicious transactions flagged to U.S. authorities that originated at Serbia\u2019s AIK Banka, and passed through its correspondent institution, VTB Bank in Moscow. Most of the transactions are tied to Serbia-based arms dealers, including the $1.7 million payment from Grawit Limited. The only firm of that name at the time was based in Cyprus and was secretly controlled by Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107, according to U.S. authorities.\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

That trust fund is part of a wealth management firm called Horizon Crescent Wealth, which is run by Swiss bankers but is based in the Gulf emirate of Qatar. In marketing itself to customers, it touted Qatar\u2019s \u201clight-touch approach\u201d to money laundering regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Swiss director of Horizon Crescent Wealth, Patrick Baeriswyl, ran the similarly named firm, Horizon Invest, from an upscale neighbourhood of Geneva. Credit:\u00a0Tamedia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Horizon Crescent also opened six \u201cspecial-purpose companies\u201d to carry out specific types of financial transactions. One of them was Crescent Middle East LLC, which was set up as a trust for the benefit of a man identified in legal filings only as a \u201cprominent Saudi.\u201d It was this company that in June 2017 received the $1.7 million payment flagged as suspicious.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eight months later, the Qatar Central Bank froze the accounts of the entire Horizon Crescent network, and Qatar\u2019s financial regulator launched an investigation into the wealth management firm, according to court documents<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A number of suspicious payments involving Horizon Crescent were discovered, and in March 2020 the regulator fined the company 30 million Qatari rials (about $8.2 million) for a string of regulatory offenses, including not carrying out proper money laundering checks. An investigation into \u201cmoney laundering and\/or corruption\u201d that could lead to criminal charges against the firm\u2019s two directors is ongoing, its lawyer told OCCRP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year, Horizon lost an appeal<\/a> against the decision. During the appeal hearings, regulators argued that the firm\u2019s customers used its network to obscure suspicious payments to officials in the Middle East and Africa \u2014 including one called \u201cMr. A.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The regulators said they had found evidence that Horizon Crescent received \u201csubstantial funds\u201d on behalf of Mr. A, whom they identified as a public official from a Middle Eastern country. The money was then transferred to Switzerland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fee was supposedly a commission for \u201cconsulting in the sale and management of ambulance aircraft(s) and medical equipment\u201d \u2014 but it was paid \u201cby a well-known arms dealer,\u201d according to the court documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Qatari officials did not name the weapons trader, but the FinCEN Files raise the possibility that it could have been Te\u0161i\u0107 or one of his associates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\nSlobodan Te\u0161i\u0107: Arms Dealer\n<\/strong>
\n
\nSerbian arms dealer Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107 first gained infamy for violating United Nations sanctions by selling weapons to Liberia\u2019s former president, the warlord Charles Taylor. Those deals landed him on a U.N. blacklist in 2004.\n
\n
\nTe\u0161i\u0107\u2019s luck changed with the election of the Serbian Progressive Party, which took power in 2012 and gave his daughter Danijela a job in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.\n
\n
\nHer boss, Foreign Affairs Minister Ivan Mrki\u0107, gave the green light for Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s removal from the U.N. sanctions list, according to documents reviewed by OCCRP\u2019s Serbian member center KRIK.\n
\n
\nIn December 2013, less than a month after the U.N. dropped sanctions against him, Te\u0161i\u0107 was granted a five-year diplomatic passport, a privilege usually reserved for high-ranking state officials.\n
\n
\n\u201cI gave him a diplomatic passport because he is, together with few others, very successful in exporting Serbian products,\u201d Mrki\u0107 told KRIK.\n
\n
\nSince then, Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s business has boomed. Announcing U.S. sanctions against him in 2017, the Treasury Department called Te\u0161i\u0107 one of the \u201cbiggest dealers of arms and munitions in the Balkans.\u201d\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Serbian arms broker Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

In another case, Horizon Crescent acted as an intermediary for payments to a diplomat, \u201cMr. H,\u201d from an unnamed African country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere was no explanation why there needed to be such a middleman arrangement, why the payments were received and made in [Horizon Crescent]\u2019s name, or why Mr. H. was entitled to any, let alone such a sizable, commission,\u201d the court report said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe possibility of corruption was obvious. [Horizon Crescent] turned a blind eye to it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through lawyers, the Swiss directors of Horizon Crescent Wealth told reporters they had done nothing wrong. They said that transactions related to Grawit had been managed by a different director.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dark Horizon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The suspicious money transfer is not Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s only link to the network of companies spawned by Horizon Crescent Wealth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of the six subsidiaries of the wealth management firm, two are directed by Yemeni businessman Khaled Hamed, who has a number of other ties to Te\u0161i\u0107. Hamed also transferred $40,000 to Horizon Crescent in 2017 in a transaction flagged to U.S. authorities as suspicious, the FinCEN Files show.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hamed was granted Serbian citizenship in 2016 by the country\u2019s then-prime minister, Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107, under unusual circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\nKhaled Hamed and the Serbian \u2018National Interest\u2019\n<\/strong>
\n
\nIn February 2016, Serbia\u2019s official gazette announced that Khaled Hamed had become a citizen following a decision by Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107, who was prime minister at the time and is now the country\u2019s president.\n
\n
\nBorn in Yemen, Hamed had bypassed the usual application process and was granted citizenship based on Serbia\u2019s “national interest,\u201d according to the announcement.\n
\n
\nIt is not clear how the national interest was served by the decision. All government institutions contacted by OCCRP\u2019s Serbian member center KRIK refused to comment.\n
\n
\n“This government’s right [to grant citizenship] is often abused for political and personal benefit, or benefit of some interest groups,\u201d said Milica \u0160vabi\u0107, a lawyer with the civil society organization Klikaktiv.\n
\n
\nHamed\u2019s relationship with Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107 may have helped. The arms dealer has close ties to the ruling party, which got him off a United Nations sanctions list.\n
\n
\nHamed uses the same address that Te\u0161i\u0107 listed for two of his companies. Partizan Tech was until 2017 based at a state-owned villa in Belgrade that still bears the company\u2019s name out front, and a subsidiary remains registered there.\n
\n
\nThe phone and fax number listed for the company Hamed directs, Stallway Ltd., are identical to Partizan\u2019s former numbers. But reporters were unable to find any official trace of Hamed at the address.\n
\n
\nHamed and Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s key proxy, Andri\u0107, are directly linked through HK Komerc, a Bosnian firm registered in 2015. Hamed gave power of attorney to a Sarajevo lawyer in a document signed and witnessed by Andri\u0107.\n
\n
\nHamed\u2019s website, Sanus Investment, explains that Stallway is \u201cmore or less … acting as a key supplier to governments, Interior and Defence Ministries to be specific, providing aircraft fuel, armoured vehicles and riot control gear.\u201d\n
\n
\nThe website boasts that his other businesses have \u201cheavily invested on multiple real estate projects in Hamburg and Dusseldorf,\u201d with plans for expansion to more German cities.\n
\n
\nA Stallway Limited registered in Qatar with HCW was, according to HCW\u2019s lawyer, providing a \u201cIT solution to the government of Saudi Arabia\u201d.\n
\n
\nThe reality of Hamed\u2019s purported business empire appears decidedly less glamorous. The address listed for his \u201cEuropean HQ\u201d is a tavern in Bonn, closed for many years according to the local press\u2019s latest report from May, while his two other known projects in Germany are fast-food joints.\n<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Khaled Hamed, a Yemeni businessman with ties to Slobodan Te\u0161i\u0107. Credit:\u00a0Bosnian corporate records<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

When asked for comment, Hamed replied with a two word email: \u201cget lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another of those \u201cspecial purpose companies\u201d listed Goran Andri\u0107 as director. That\u2019s the same name as a Serbian man who Treasury sanctioned in December 2019, calling him \u201cone of Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s closest associates.\u201d Andri\u0107 did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Responding in writing through his firm Partizan Tech, Te\u0161i\u0107 said he could \u201ccategorically confirm that he has never participated in any corrupt activities,\u201d and that he had \u201cinitiated a delisting process\u201d to be removed from U.S. sanctions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUnfortunately, Mr Te\u0161i\u0107 notes that because of this nature of the industry, he was in the past and still is, frequently faced with unfair competition, with distorted facts and untrue allegations made against him, especially from regional competition and states which rely on significant resources to harm Partizan Tech and more broadly the Serbian defense industry,\u201d the company said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The final two special-purpose companies were linked to Latin Americans who ran a call center in Costa Rica, referred to as Ms. EA and Ms. IA in the Qatar court documents. While unrelated to Te\u0161i\u0107\u2019s arms-dealing network, these companies were at the heart of the case against Horizon brought by the Qatar Financial Center Regulatory Authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qatari regulators discovered that the Latin Americans were Horizon\u2019s biggest clients. The companies that Horizon created and managed for them held around $14 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In court submissions, regulators said they were suspicious about the true origin of the funds. They pointed to an unorthodox setup in which Horizon received direction from email addresses that did not appear to be connected to the Latin Americans. They noted that Horizon \u201cdid not enquire into this quite plainly questionable means of receiving instructions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulators told the court they were \u201cconcerned that the funds transferred to [Horizon] on behalf of the claimants are part of a sophisticated attempt at money laundering and an attempt to evade tax.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Responding through a lawyer, the Swiss directors of Horizon Crescent Wealth, Patrick Baeriswyl and Jean Marc Mantegani, said they \u201cvigorously contested\u201d the allegations against them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They said all transfers from Grawit Limited were handled by a Qatari director at the firm called Mohamed Abdulaziz Mohamed Al Emadi, who was also the contact point for Hamed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al Emadi describes himself as a \u201cprominent Qatari businessman\u201d in court documents lodged in Qatar against Horizon Crescent for unpaid salary and expenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The firm rejects the claims and countered with their own allegations against Mr. Al Emadi, the nephew of Qatar\u2019s finance minister, according to court papers seen by reporters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy client notes further that Mr. Al-Emadi unlawfully removed substantial sums that belonged to trust beneficiaries,\u201d the firm wrote. \u201cHe did this via credit card withdrawals at various casinos in London.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Al Emadi did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for Te\u0161i\u0107, the Qatari regulator\u2019s crackdown on Horizon Crescent Wealth may have little effect on his business as he finds new ways to overcome restrictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Treasury noted that blacklisting him in 2017 had failed to halt his business: \u201cFollowing his designation, Te\u0161i\u0107 continued to engage in the arms trade and operate as a silent partner in companies he indirectly owns and manages.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the latest round of sanctions against the irrepressible arms dealer, the U.S. added another firm, newly registered in Cyprus, that he uses to conduct business: Tardigrade Limited, named for the microscopic water-borne creatures<\/a> known for their resilience under extreme conditions. Like Te\u0161i\u0107, the tardigrade is famous for being a survivor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Center for Investigative Reporting<\/a> (Bosnia), Tamedia (Switzerland) and Daniela Castro (OCCRP) contributed reporting.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Cypriot shell firm accused of funnelling bribes on behalf of a notorious Serbian weapons dealer deposited $1.7 million into a secretive trust fund set up for a prominent Saudi, leaked bank records show. Authors: Lawrence Marzouk and Stevan Doj\u010dinovi\u0107 That fund\u2019s Qatari parent company was subsequently fined by regulators [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigations","pmpro-has-access"],"yoast_head":"\nHow an Irrepressible Serbian Arms Dealer Found a Conduit to Saudi Arabia through Qatar - KRIK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.krik.rs\/en\/how-an-irrepressible-serbian-arms-dealer-found-a-conduit-to-saudi-arabia-through-qatar-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How an Irrepressible Serbian Arms Dealer Found a Conduit to Saudi Arabia through Qatar - KRIK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Cypriot shell firm accused of funnelling bribes on behalf of a notorious Serbian weapons dealer deposited $1.7 million into a secretive trust fund set up for a prominent Saudi, leaked bank records show. 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