{"id":52017,"date":"2023-03-09T10:00:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T09:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.krik.rs\/?p=52017"},"modified":"2024-04-15T11:21:16","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T09:21:16","slug":"how-a-montenegrin-gang-used-open-source-intelligence-to-kill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.krik.rs\/en\/how-a-montenegrin-gang-used-open-source-intelligence-to-kill\/","title":{"rendered":"How a Montenegrin Gang Used Open-Source Intelligence to Kill"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hitmen working for a criminal group active in Montenegro and Serbia used open-source intelligence techniques, poring over apartment listing sites, satellite images, and tourist photos posted online, to track down and kill the leader of a rival clan as he hid out in Greece.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Author: <\/em><\/strong> Stevan Doj\u010dinovi\u0107<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Montenegrin crime boss Alan Ko\u017ear had taken great pains to stay alive, as a war with a rival clan left a trail of blood across Europe. But in the end, a simple sunburn helped get him killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko\u017ear was hiding out on the Greek island of Corfu in the summer of 2020, using an encrypted text messaging app to keep in touch with his crew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI slept badly \u2014 I got sunburned yesterday and kept waking up,\u201d Ko\u017ear wrote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBrother, they say yogurt is good,\u201d one of his associates replied. \u201cSo cover yourself in it, if it doesn\u2019t bother you.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI have yogurt, I\u2019ll spread it on myself now,\u201d Ko\u017ear answered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Ko\u017ear had been betrayed. Right after suggesting the home remedy for a sunburn, the man he was messaging used another phone to take a photo of the exchange and send it to Ko\u017ear\u2019s arch-enemies.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Alan Ko\u017ear (credit<\/em>: Savo Prelevi\u0107)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The 43-year-old Montenegrin was being hunted by killers from a rival clan, the Kava\u010d. Another boss from his own group, the \u0160kaljari, had just been murdered. As one of the \u0160kaljari\u2019s top leaders, Ko\u017ear knew he could be next. So he never revealed his location, even when communicating with a fellow clan member he thought he could trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, the messages he sent to his associate not only helped to confirm the Kava\u010d clan\u2019s suspicions that Ko\u017ear was most likely in Greece, but also revealed one of his weaknesses: He liked to come out of hiding to sun himself on the beach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko\u017ear\u2019s complaints about a sunburn allowed Kava\u010d operatives to track him over the next few weeks, using open source investigative techniques (also known as OSINT) more often employed by journalists and police, including poring over satellite images, apartment listing sites, and tourist photographs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This story of that hunt, recently told by OCCRP\u2019s Serbian member center, KRIK<\/a>, is based on a secret police report that analyzed thousands of chat messages exchanged by Ko\u017ear\u2019s enemies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almost exactly a month after his sunburn, Ko\u017ear and an associate were gunned down in a hail of bullets in front of their Corfu villa. The killers had found their way right to his doorstep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bad Blood<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ambitious OSINT murder operation, costing at least 1.4 million euros and involving nearly a dozen people on the ground, was a turning point in the years-long battle between the \u0160kaljari and Kava\u010d clans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both groups hail from Kotor, a town on Montenegro\u2019s picturesque Adriatic coast. In fact, they were once part of a single gang that smuggled South American drugs into Europe. But the group split in 2014, sparking a rift that has pulled in other Serbian and Montenegrin criminal organizations<\/a> and led to more than 70 murders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
The location of the villages of \u0160kaljari and Kava\u010d villages in Kotor, where the eponymous criminal clans hail from. Credit: OCCRP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Some insight into this secret world of violence has been made possible in recent years thanks to evidence obtained from Sky ECC, the encrypted messaging app favored by members on both sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The app was cracked by European investigators<\/a>, leading to a series of raids on organized criminal groups in Belgium, France, and the Netherlands in early 2021. The EU\u2019s police agency, Europol, also forwarded the newly obtained evidence to the Balkan countries, leading to dozens of arrests<\/a>. Evidence obtained from Sky ECC has been used in criminal cases<\/a> against members of both the \u0160kaljari and Kava\u010d clans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But as Ko\u017ear basked in the Corfu sun in 2020, that was all in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He was an influential man, highly respected among his colleagues, with a reputation for effective mentorship of younger gang members. He had amassed a long rap sheet over the years, including several juvenile convictions and, more recently, a prison sentence of nearly seven years for planting explosives at a construction site to intimidate its owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now he was on the run from the law again \u2014 this time for planning the murder of an elderly Montenegrin mobster \u2014 but the real danger was from the rival Kava\u010d clan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although his enemies didn\u2019t know his exact whereabouts, Ko\u017ear\u2019s reliance on Sky ECC proved a crucial vulnerability. Thanks to a Kava\u010d member with an official license to distribute the secret communications system, the clan could see in which country a certain number was active. Ko\u017ear\u2019s phone, they saw, was in Greece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of course, it was always possible that he had given it to someone else. How could they track him down?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018For Honor and Justice\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A key step was gaining the cooperation of one of Ko\u017ear\u2019s trusted associates: a man named Ratko \u017divkovi\u0107, nicknamed \u201cZemo.\u201d According to the police report obtained by KRIK, Zemo stood to earn 100,000 euros in exchange for helping track down his unsuspecting boss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The message he forwarded about the sunburn was an early confirmation that Ko\u017ear was indeed in Greece. But the Mediterranean country has many beaches, and Ko\u017ear\u2019s enemies needed more information.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Ratko \u017divkovi\u0107, aka \u201cZemo.\u201d Credit:<\/strong> Police report<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

To coordinate their hunt, they created their own chat groups on Sky ECC \u2014 one called \u201cFor honor and justice\u201d and the other called \u201cAction\u201d \u2014 where they exchanged over 12,000 messages between June and December 2020. Among other topics, they discussed how to get more photos from Ko\u017ear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A group member in touch with the intermediary, Zemo, asked for advice: \u201cIt would be good to find some topic so I can write to him constantly,\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSend a picture of a weapon if it\u2019s expensive,\u201d came a suggestion. \u201cA stolen car that\u2019s being offered, a motorcycle \u2026 These are topics that interest him.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou have to hunt him with a picture from the gym,\u201d another person advised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next important clue came when Zemo forwarded a photo Ko\u017ear had taken at a beachside restaurant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Judging from the shape of a small islet that appeared in the background, two members of the group identified the location by searching the internet for photos showing similar views.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The restaurant was in Perama, a village on Corfu\u2019s eastern shore.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
When they located the beachside restaurant Ko\u017ear had visited, his enemies circulated photos showing the same seaside view, including a distinctive islet.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u201cHe\u2019s on fucking Corfu,\u201d one of the group members wrote. \u201cNik and I found the fucking bar at the same time.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another person noted that Ko\u017ear had chosen a good location to hide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s the best hiding place, it\u2019s warm, and with a lot of trees. I was there only once, [came] from Montenegro on a yacht.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They immediately conveyed their findings to several gang members who were already in Greece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need boats, a ship,\u201d replied a member of the scouting team. \u201cWe\u2019ll finish everything now, since we know where it is. Now we\u2019ll examine all of Corfu on Google.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fortunately for them, Zemo kept delivering. Next came a photo of a motorcycle Ko\u017ear had rented; tracking down the name of the rental agency helped narrow down where on the island he might be staying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Then they got the big prize: A photo of the swimming pool at Ko\u017ear\u2019s villa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Searching through real estate rental sites, his enemies looked for Greek villas with pools and found what they thought might be the same one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCompare it with his photo, it\u2019s just that this [photo] is from an old ad,\u201d one wrote. \u201cYou see a tree and a slide \u2026 Right next to the deck chair, just like in his photo.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To be completely sure, they compared Ko\u017ear\u2019s photo with satellite images of the villa on Google Maps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWell done, bro,\u201d wrote one member. \u201cThat\u2019s it, awesome. You made me so happy \u2026 Remember when we wrote that that fool would relax after a few months?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
The gang found these photos of a Corfu villa online. Certain features, such as the swimming pool, helped them identify it as the place Ko\u017ear was hiding. Credit: Police report<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Everyone Is Wearing Masks\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next step was to plan and carry out the murder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWill we be able to find engineers to carry out all the work?\u201d one member asked in apparent code, noting that measures taken to fight the COVID-19 pandemic could work in their favor: \u201cIt\u2019s good that everyone is wearing masks now.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the pandemic did pose challenges. Travel restriction and quarantine requirements made it difficult to quickly cross international borders, leading the group to discuss how to get the hit squad into Greece illegally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA Macedonian from [the city of] Gevgelia takes 1,500 euros [per person], hands [the person] over to a Greek, and drives them to Thessaloniki,\u201d one member wrote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In another last-minute hiccup, a member of the scouting team backed out of any participation in the actual killing, because he had entered Greece on his real passport and was afraid of being identified by authorities. This led one of his colleagues to withdraw as well, requiring the organizers to send two replacements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By July 20, the hitmen had joined scouts already on Corfu, having hired the Macedonian smuggler to help them move illegally through North Macedonia, then cross the Greek border on motorbike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the next three days, they staked out Ko\u017ear\u2019s villa, taking photos of him and an associate walking, sitting, and talking in the yard. The scouts had already rented the quad bikes they would use for their escape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Information obtained by reporters about the murder reveals no inside details about the group\u2019s final days of planning. But that initial clue about Ko\u017ear\u2019s penchant for spending time in the sun may have proved helpful: On July 23, he and his associate were gunned down in front of their villa just as they were returning from the beach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The killers fled by quad bike to a boat waiting to take them back to the mainland. From the seaside village of Syvota they made their way to Thessaloniki, staying in a rented AirBnB apartment, before crossing the border to North Macedonia and eventually back to Serbia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although the police report detailed the planning for the murder, even naming the participants, no arrests have yet been made in any country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This story was adapted for OCCRP by Ilya Lozovsky and Bojana Jovanovi\u0107.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hitmen working for a criminal group active in Montenegro and Serbia used open-source intelligence techniques, poring over apartment listing sites, satellite images, and tourist photos posted online, to track down and kill the leader of a rival clan as he hid out in Greece. 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